Social sciences and the National State in Mexico is formed by fourteen chapters in which the development of social sciences in Mexico and the important function in the Mexican nation-state conformation is studied, as well as the problems that these sciences faced during the 20th century. The first chapters look into the importance of indigenous anthropology and the Mexican nation-state conformation, from the antecedents of the independence, the revolutionary movements and the independence to the 20th century. The second part of this text is a study on the different political-social issues such as inequality, insecurity and the need of a national identity that social sciences have faced.